The impact of COVID-19 and natural disasters on water consumption across sectors: case studies of Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract

The Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean (SIDS) are among the most vulnerable to natural hazards, particularly hydroclimatic and, in some cases, geological. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic added another layer of complexity to the already disruptive risk profiles of these countries. Understanding how these hazards, both individually and cumulatively, impact sectors, particularly essential sectors such as the water sector, is crucial. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on water consumption along with concurrent natural hazards in two Caribbean countries: Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago. The assessment indicated a marked influence on consumption levels in various sectors consistent with imposed public health restrictions. In the case of Barbados, monthly consumption decreased during the pandemic across all categories when compared to the pre-Covid period, except for residential consumption, which increased by approximately 9%. For Trinidad and Tobago, a decrease in average monthly water consumption across all categories, ranging from 3% to 13% was noted. Although available data did not permit conclusive analysis, we have discerned some general trends, identified gaps, and provided recommendations. Our findings can provide useful guidance for water utilities in the region to better understand consumer behaviour and address demand and supply issues.