Violence, Roots, and Transformation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective from Neurosciences, Neuroethics, and Judeo-Christian Theology

Abstract

This article explores the phenomenon of violence through an interdisciplinary approach, analyzing scientific data from the perspectives of neuroethics and theological hermeneutics. The authors explain the various forms of violence present in the Latin American and Caribbean region. The underlying idea is that while we may have a tendency towards violent behavior, we also have the choice to pursue a non-violent alternative. It is clear that intrinsic and extrinsic aspects coexist in the human psychological structure in a complex interaction. Certain conditions that have an organic foundation may arise alongside other inherent ones. Among the extrinsic causes are environmental and socio-cultural relations. New scientific research has revealed that humans possess the ability to alter their behavior patterns through epigenetic and neural plasticity. Neuroethics suggests incorporating moral education that encompasses the organic, intellectual, affective, and spiritual aspects, considering that the brain is capable of modification. The process of moral education encourages the cultivation of thoughts, feelings, and values that can transform both personal and socio-cultural behaviors. This involves embodying the value of respecting the dignity of others. Judeo-Christian theology highlights how God is portrayed in the Scriptures as the ultimate educator who changes the human heart. This transformation helps to sublimate violent tendencies within individuals, turning them into life-giving forces. Instead of destroying violence, God inspires and encourages people to change their lifestyles and embrace freedom. Faced with religious conceptions of a violent divinity, the incarnate God overcomes violence through a vulnerable love exemplified by Jesus, an innocent victim of aggression. God invites us to love as He loves, thus establishing a life-creating space.