The regulation of onsite sanitation in Maputo, Mozambique

Abstract

Poor quality onsite sanitation causes drinking water contamination and diseases in cities in sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we consider to what extent regulation reduces onsite sanitation-related health and environmental risks. We examined regulatory standards and how they are enforced in Greater Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. Standards for the construction of pit latrines and management of faecal sludge are incomplete. Reforms in the sanitation sector complicate the enforcement of standards. Responsibilities have not been clearly divided between the organisations in charge of regulation. We are sceptical that regulation can be effectively implemented in lower-income areas without a (cross-)subsidy mechanism.