Advancements in Microgrid Technologies: A Critical Review

Abstract

The global energy crisis and environmental concerns have intensified the focus on clean and renewable energy sources (RESs) like photovoltaic power generation, biomass, hydro power and wind power. Microgrids (MGs), acting as vital solutions interface between distributed generators (DGs) and power systems, have emerged as a key research area. Modern studies emphasize integrating microgrid technology at the load level, offering a feasible alternative to traditional grids. Microgrids serve as platforms for various components, including distributed generators, storage, loads, and voltage source converters, compactly arranged. These microgrids can operate in grid-connected or standalone mode, adapting to generation, integration potential, and consumer requirements. Despite their potential, challenges such as control, protection, operational stability, and reliability need addressing for effective real-time implementation and commercialization. This review provides Microgrids (MGs) power sources, the Microgrids (MGs) applications, Microgrids technical challenges, the Energy storage systems (ESS) and microgrids findings, the Future research areas in Microgrids (MGs).