Epicardial permanent pacemaker implantation in the retrosternal space of a 2.3-kg infant

Abstract

Permanent pacemaker implantation in small infants can be challenging because of patient size and expected somatic growth. In our case, we used the retrosternal space as a generator pocket for an extremely low-birth-weight premature baby with autoantibody-associated congenital heart block born to a systemic lupus erythematosus mother.