Assessment of Urban Infrastructures Exposed to Flood Using Susceptibility Map and Google Earth Engine

Abstract

Acute hydrological natural hazards, such as floods, not only affect the lives and properties of people but also cause severe damage to the critical infrastructures, which needs to be function even in substandard situations. Therefore, it is significant to predict the flood-prone areas for understanding how critical infrastructures are exposed to massive flooding. For this aim, flood-prone areas and their susceptibility are mapped using machine learning techniques including boosted regression tree (BRT) and generalized linear model (GLM) with the help of Sentinel 3 satellite images in Google Earth Engine. The BRT model achieved the highest precision (AUC = 81.10%) in comparison to GLM (AUC = 78.30%) and was utilized for evaluating the flood risk on critical infrastructures. In addition, the flood risk in four large and famous watersheds, namely Zohre, Dorodzan, Tashk-Bakhtegan, and Qareagaj located in Fars Province was analyzed, among which Zohre had the highest risk to flooding. The assessment of flood risk on critical infrastructures, such as hospitals, pharmacies, banks, fire stations, automated teller machines, fuel stations, speed cameras, and mosques located in Shiraz County (capital of Fars Province) disclosed that these structures had high and very high flood hazard. The evaluation of flood risk on schools situated in nine most populated cities of Fars Province was also carried out, which revealed that Shiraz had the maximum percentage (92.98%) and Marvdasht had the least percentage (60.75%) of schools that fall under very high risk. This article aids the decision makers in better planning for flood resilience and risk management.