Association between Hyperuricemia and Hearing Impairment: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hyperuricemia is associated with a variety of comorbidities. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and hearing impairment in Korean adults. Materials and Methods: Audiometric and laboratory test data from the 2019 to 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for analysis. Hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) threshold level ≥ 41 decibels. The definition of hyperuricemia was different for males and females: >7 mg/dL for males vs. >6 mg/dL for females. Results: A total of 4857 (weight n = 17,990,725) subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 56.8 years old. The weighted prevalence was 12.1% for hyperuricemia and 2.5% for gout. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 13.4%. In the univariable analysis, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with hearing impairment. However, the diagnosis of gout was not associated with hearing impairment. In the multivariable analysis, hyperuricemia (odds ratios (OR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.92, p = 0.030) was associated with hearing impairment along with age (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10–1.14, p < 0.001), female sex (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34–0.64, p < 0.001), education (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.30–0.63, p = 0.001), and occupational noise exposure (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.25–2.22, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, hyperuricemia was associated with hearing impairment in females (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–2.48, p = 0.041) and the elderly aged 60 years or more (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05–1.99, p = 0.023). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia was independently associated with hearing impairment, especially in females and the elderly aged 60 years or more.