Detection and Occurence of Indicator Organisms and Pathogens

Abstract

:A review of the literature published in 2008 is presented on topics related to occurrence and detection of fecal indicators and pathogens. This review is divided into three major sections: occurrence, persistence, and transport of fecal indicators and pathogens, detection methods, and microbial source tracking. The first section is subdivided into persistence and transport of fecal indicators, microbiological quality of recreational beaches, occurrence of fecal indicator and pathogens in shellfish, alternative fecal indicators, and fecal indicators and pathogens in groundwater, watersheds, and wetlands. The second section describes the studies related to endpoint PCR and reverse transcription PCR, real‐time PCR and real‐time reverse transcription PCR, loop mediated isothermal amplification, microarrays, immunoassay‐based detection schemes, labelindependent detection schemes, and sample concentration. The third section covers genotypic and phenotypic microbial source tracking methods.