A case-control study of HTLV-infection among blood donors in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil - Associated risk factors and trend towards declining prevalence

Abstract

Previous data suggest that Salvador, the capital of the State of Bahia, a northeastern state of Brazil, has the highest prevalence of HTLV infection in blood donors among Brazilian cities. The aim of this case-control study was to identify the determinants of risk for HTLV infection among blood donors in the city of Salvador. Between January 2000 and December 2003, 504 blood donors with positive screening tests for HTLV infection (unconfirmed prevalence of 0.48%) were invited to participate in our study. A total of 154 had performed a Western Blot (WB) test, 139 were of which found to be positive (false positive screening rate 9.9%). Using a standardized questionnaire, a single interviewer obtained information on demographic, socioeconomical and educational characteristics, as well as sexual behavior from 91 out of the 139 positive by WB and from 194 HTLV-negative blood donors. Prevalence of HTLV infection was 0.48%. Multivariate analysis revealed women (OR 3.79 [1.61-8.88], p=0.002), low family income* (OR 3.37 [1.17-9.66], p=0.02), self-reported history of sexual transmitted diseases (OR 6.15 [2.04-18.51], p=0.001), 2 or more sexual partners during life (OR 9.29 [2.16-39.94], p=0.0020) and inconsistent use of condoms (OR 4.73 [1.98-11.26], p=0.0004) as risk factors for HTLV infection. In accordance with previous published data, our results point to an association between low socio-economical level, poor education and unsafe sexual behavior with HTLV infection. We observed a lower prevalence of HLTV infection when compared to previous data.