Analytical Framework

Abstract

This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and its design. We discuss the various aspects of the methodology used in this book, such as the reliability and validity of the constructs examined, the data preparation process, measurement invariance testing, and other analytical approaches that were employed, including structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). While there are necessary deviations in operationalizing constructs and changes in items across cycles, the overall coherent approach across chapters contributes to the existing knowledge of teacher practices from multiple perspectives. This uniformity ensures that findings can be effectively compared, ultimately contributing to the overall understanding of teacher practice and its impact on student learning outcomes in various educational contexts.