Review of DC-DC Converters: Analysis and Applications of Buck and Boost Converters

Abstract

With the rapid development of power electronics technology, DC-DC converters are increasingly applied in areas such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This paper focuses on two common DC-DC converters—Buck (Step-Down Converter) and Boost (Step-Up Converter)—and elaborates on their operating principles. Through literature analysis and comparative studies, this paper explores the application of wide-bandgap semiconductor materials, strategies for suppressing electromagnetic interference (EMI), and optimization methods such as synchronous rectification and multiphase interleaving topologies. Additionally, the importance of these two converters is analyzed in practical applications like electric vehicle charging systems and solar power systems. The results show that adopting new materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) and intelligent control strategies can effectively improve converter efficiency, reduce losses, and address technical challenges in high-frequency operation. This research provides theoretical and practical references for the design and application of high-performance DC-DC converters, contributing significantly to technological advancements in the renewable energy field.