Fair Assessment of Logical Ability in Military Selection: A Rasch Analysis of a Paper Fold and Cut Test

Abstract

Intelligence tests often play a vital role in selection processes across various domains, including those for basic military training. However, intelligence tests have also been criticized for being unfair and biased. The Swedish Enlistment Battery (SEB) serves as a tool for evaluating cognitive aptitude and is currently undergoing updates to ensure robust measurement properties and equity in selection for conscription. This article introduces a new addition to the SEB, termed the Paper Fold and Cut (PFC) test. The PFC test initially comprised 14 items intended to assess logical reasoning with visuospatial elements by presenting participants with images of folded and cut paper, requiring them to discern the correct outcome upon unfolding. Data was gathered from individuals (N = 1,262) undergoing testing for conscription (71% men, 91% aged 17–19 years, 15% voluntary and 12% with immigrant background). Employing Rasch analysis, when two misfitting items were removed the PFC test demonstrated sound measurement properties; acceptable fit statistics, support for unidimensional trait, absence of differential item functioning (DIF) and local dependence (LD), as well as adequate targeting and person separation index (PSI). Consequently, the PFC test emerges as a robust and unbiased tool for assessing logical ability among conscripts.