Research on Power Flow Prediction Based on Physics-Informed Graph Attention Network

Abstract

As an emerging distributed energy system, microgrid power flow prediction plays a crucial role in optimizing energy dispatch and power grid operation. Traditional methods of power flow prediction mainly rely on statistics and time series models, neglecting the spatial relationships among different nodes within the microgrid. To overcome this limitation, a Physical-Informed Graph Attention Network (PI-GAT) is proposed to capture the spatial structure of the microgrid, while an attention mechanism is introduced to measure the importance weights between nodes. In this study, we constructed a representative 14-node microgrid power flow dataset. After collecting the data, we preprocessed and transformed it into a suitable format for graph neural networks. Next, an autoencoder was employed for pre-training, enabling unsupervised learning-based dimensionality reduction to enhance the expressive power of the data. Subsequently, the extended data is fed into a graph convolution module with attention mechanism, allowing adaptive weight learning and capturing relationships between nodes. And integrate the physical state equation into the loss function to achieve high-precision power flow prediction. Finally, simulation verification was conducted, comparing the PI-GAT method with traditional approaches. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the other latest model across various evaluation indicators. Specifically, it has 46.9% improvement in MSE and 14.08% improvement in MAE.