Modeling and Analysis of Automotive Engine Crankshaft Made of Composite and Functionally Graded Materials

Abstract

With the consistent advancement and technical improvisation in the automobile industry, the researchers are working on the material optimization techniques to select and utilize the materials effective in power transmission. It is well know that power transmission systems in the mechanical industries and, namely, in automotive machinaries, require a durable material with proper properties to ensure the optimum operational conditions during power transmission. The material utilized in the driving shaft must have a proper endurance and considerable yielding limit that means they have that ability to sustain the fatigue in the power transmission elements. The method of study is that engine shafts are a major part of the automobiles and the production of these shafts is an important requirement for the resistance against bending and torsion. The torsion and bending resisting moments are important before selecting the material. As a result, selecting the optimal material and surface treatment procedure to offer the highest performance for the shaft is crucial. Wear resistance and corrosion resistance are the two most important factors to consider when selecting a material for a surface. This paper is able to show the effect of materials of the crankshaft on those two elements. The research discusses the shafts of three different types of materials: homogeneous, composite, and functionally graded materials (FGM). For the optimum performance of the vehicle engine shaft, FGM is the ideal material to consider. It has been shown that the performance of crankshaft was improved in case of FGM. Based on the results of the modal and harmonic analysis, it is concluded that FGM crankshaft would offer the best durability and show optimum performance when compared with the other two material crankshafts investigated in this study.