Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections in Children

Abstract

Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are increasingly prevalent in children and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Optimal treatment strategies for CRE infections continue to evolve. A lack of pediatric-specific comparative effectiveness data, uncertain pediatric dosing regimens for several agents, and a relative lack of new antibiotics with pediatric indications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collectively present unique challenges for children. In this review, we provide a framework for antibiotic treatment of CRE infections in children, highlighting relevant microbiologic considerations and summarizing available data related to the evaluation of FDA-approved antibiotics (as of September 2019) with CRE activity, including carbapenems, ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem/cilastatin-relebactam, polymyxins, tigecycline, eravacycline, and plazomicin.