Amniotic Membrane: An Approach to Periodontal Regeneration

Abstract

Over the years, various materials have been used for scaffold-based periodontal tissue engineering to regenerate lost periodontal tissues. The use of amniotic membrane (AM) as a scaffold for periodontal regeneration has gained great interest among researchers. This narrative review aims to appraise the properties of AM and its potential clinical applications in periodontal regeneration. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library databases were searched for relevant articles that highlighted the properties and applications of AM in periodontal regeneration. AM has a unique structure and components contributing to its exceptional properties such as anti-inflammatory (presence of anti-inflammatory factors), low immunogenicity (presence of human leukocyte antigen-G), anti-scarring (downregulation of transforming growth factor-β), antimicrobial (expression of antimicrobial factors), promotion of epithelialization (production of growth factors), and reduction of pain (protection of exposed nerve endings). Its use in the treatment of periodontal tissue defect has shown to be effective. AM showed various beneficial properties as an ideal scaffold. Future studies and long-term clinical trials on the efficacy and survival rate of AM are required to completely understand the potential application of AM in periodontal regeneration.