A case of postoperative methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis in an 81-year-old man and review of the literature

Abstract

Patient: Final Diagnosis: Symptoms: Male, 81-year-old Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis Diarrhea • sepsis Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Computed tomography • echocardiography • polymerase chain reaction • whipple procedure Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology • Infectious Diseases • Surgery Objective: Background: Case Report: Conclusions: Rare disease Nosocomial diarrhea affects 12% to 32% of hospitalized patients. Before the development of the Clostridium difficile cytotoxin assay in the 1970s, Staphylococcus aureus was frequently implicated as a cause of hospi-tal-acquired infectious colitis, particularly in association with recent antibiotic therapy or abdominal surgery. Decreased utilization of stool culture has reduced the recognition of S. aureus as a rare, but historically impor-tant, cause of enterocolitis. An 81-year-old man with no recent history of travel, exposure to potential infectious sources (e.g., sick con-tacts, animals, undercooked foods), or antibiotic or proton-pump inhibitor use was admitted for a Whipple procedure (expanded intraoperatively with total pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and portal vein resection) for stage III pancreatic adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day (POD) 5, the patient developed large-volume wa-tery diarrhea that did not improve with tube feeding cessation and oral pancreatic enzyme replacement. He subsequently became clinically septic on POD10, and workup revealed severe radiographic sigmoid and rectal colitis and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Polymerase chain reaction testing for C. difficile was negative twice (POD5 and POD12). He was diagnosed with MRSA proctocolitis and improved with initia-tion of oral and intravenous vancomycin. We describe a case of staphylococcal enterocolitis, a previously common cause of nosocomial diarrhea that has become increasingly underappreciated since the advent of culture-independent stool testing for C. difficile. Increased awareness of this entity, especially when Clostridium assays are negative, may guide more effective treatment of hospital-acquired infection.