Using the Behaviour Change Wheel-based interventions to improve gender diversity in construction: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Purpose Despite decades of effort, women remain underrepresented in the construction workforce due to a range of barriers. This study uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to systematically devise strategies to overcome these barriers and provide actionable solutions that enhance women’s participation and retention in the construction sector. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a systematic literature review to identify critical barriers to gender diversity and corresponding strategies for overcoming them. A total of 53 peer-reviewed articles were analysed using the PRISMA method. The challenges presented in the literature were mapped onto the BCW framework and the COM-B model, a psychological model of behaviour, to develop interventions. Findings The systematic review revealed critical barriers in various themes spanning the education and career pipeline. By applying the BCW, targeted strategies such as early STEM engagement, mentorship, flexible work policies and inclusive recruitment were identified to address behavioural determinants of capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B). Intervention functions were developed for key stakeholders across education, persuasion, training, enablement and environmental restructuring. Originality/value This paper is the first to apply the BCW to develop intervention guidelines to systematically improve gender diversity in construction. The use of a comprehensive behavioural change framework offers a novel approach to developing theory-based, systematic interventions to enhance gender inclusivity. The study provides a roadmap for stakeholders to implement sustainable changes in the construction sector.