Biochemical Profiling Study in Umbilical Cord Blood as Predictors of Neonatal Damage

Abstract

Background: During pregnancy inflammatory,metabolic and immunologic disorders affecting fetus,are known,such as abortion,intrauterine growth retardation (IGR), low birth weight and neonatal death. The objective was to analyze different biochemical parameters (BP) in maternal venous blood (MVB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) of newborn from healthy mothers and mothers with basal pathologies and associated to gestation that allow the early detection of perinatal complications. Methods: Samples from MVB (283) and UCB (283) were analyzed. Delivery was by cesarean. Mothers and newborn were classified controls (C-n=99), pathological (P-n=184). Maternal pathologies: diabetes, hypertension, anti-phospholipid syndrome, hyper/hypotiroidism, intrahepatic-cholestasis and genital infections. Pathological newborn: IGR and/or fetal distress. BP: Glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid (UA), bilirrubin (B), proteins (P), albumin (A), transaminases (ALT/AST), alkaline-phosphatase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), creatinkinase (CK), lactatedehydrogenase, iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium (K), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), hsCRP were determined by recommended methods-Roche autoanalyzer. Student/Mann Witney tests were applied, P <0.05. Results: -P newborn from P mothers showed significant decrease:in gestation weeks (GW) and newborn weight (NW) with respect to C newborn from C mothers (P <0.05); significant increases in CHO, TG, UA, K, B, AST, GGT (P <0.05) and significant decreases in CK, P, A (P <0.05). -P mothers related to C mothers showed significant increase in UA, ALT, AST, GGT (P <0,05). Conclusions: In P newborn from P mothers with respect to C, the decrease in GW/NW would be related to IGR that accompany these pathologies; increases in CHO, TG, UA, K, B, AST, GGT to cellular destruction associated to maternal pathologies and to deficit in pulmonary development by IGR; decreases in CK, P, A to IGR. The increase of UA, ALT, AST, GGT from P mothers with respect to C mothers would be associated to inflammatory process. A future study with greater number of samples by maternal pathology, is proposed.