A Review of Entrustable Professional Activities in Pharmacy Education

Abstract

Objective. To review the published literature describing how entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are currently used in health professions education with a focus on pharmacy education. Findings. English-language searches in the databases CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE were conducted for January 2011 through March 2021, which identified 21 publications for inclusion in this review. The following themes were identified: frameworks for the development of EPAs, the implementation and evaluation of EPAs for workplace learning, and gaps in knowledge and future directions for EPAs. Summary. Currently, no standardized approach exists for developing EPA frameworks for health disci-plines. Also, the ways that EPAs are implemented and evaluated as an educational tool in practice settings are inconsistent. An opportunity exists to further establish the development, implementation, and evaluation of EPAs in all clinical practice settings. Much can be learned from other health professions to ensure successful translation of EPAs into pharmacy education.