Analysis of factors contributing to the spread of cholera in developing countries

Abstract

Objective: Cholera has been endemic in Nigeria since the 1970s and has resulted in several early deaths, which probably could have been avoided. This study examined the various factors that contribute to the infection and spread of cholera in Benue state, Nigeria, from 2008 to 2017. We also proposed a cloud based health management system (CBHMS) for the timely identification and management of cholera in an epidemic. Materials and methods: A cluster random sampling in the form of a close ended questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 420 participants comprising farmers, traders, housewives, and students who were randomly selected from different locations in Makurdi. Statistical analyses, such as demographics, reliability, and descriptive analysis, of the collected data were performed, and a socio-technical design approached was used in the system development. Results: Terrorism, floods, improper sewage disposal, and lack of environmental hygiene were the main causes of the spread of cholera in Benue state. Conclusion: The research highlights the factors aiding the spread of cholera in Nigeria by directing donor agencies and government to channel their focus and prepare ahead in view of an emergency. The proposed CBHMS will aid the early detection and management of cholera in an epidemic.