Biosensors for Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms in Food and Feed

Abstract

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have gained momentum in improving the agricultural yield through gene transfer systems. Introduction of foreign genes into the host genome for new characteristics demonstrates great progress, however represents a potential risk for the consumers and environment sustainability. Several issues on regulatory approval, safety, and public perception raised concerns that would impact the extent to which GMOs can thrive. Therefore, there is a demand for a simple, sensitive, cost-effective, fast, and reliable detection method capable of operating on the spot. Apart from vast number of available conventional methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or polymerase chain reaction, biosensors are cutting-edge analytical tools that have a great promise and potential in detecting GMOs in wide range of food products, from maize flour to a cookie. In this chapter we discuss the potential application of DNA biosensors for GMO identification/detection based on optical, piezoelectric, and electrochemical transducers reported until now.