The Effects of Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children under Five: Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can occur together with lower respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia is the cause of death for more than 800,000 children under five worldwide in 2017. One of the risk factors for pneumonia is a history of breastfeeding (ASI). This study aimed to estimate the effect of non-exclusive breastfeeding on the risk of pneumonia in children under five. Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis was conducted by systematically reviewing similar primary articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The articles that were analyzed by the meta-analysis were articles published from 2011 to 2019. PICO compiled the problem formulation: Population: children under five, Intervention: non-exclusive breastfeeding, Comparison: exclusive breast-feeding, Outcome: pneumonia. Keywords for searching articles: "exclusive breastfeeding" OR "breast milk" AND "pneumonia," "exclusive breastfeeding" AND "pneumonia children under five" AND "multivariate" AND "case con