Arterial hypertension in the newborn

Abstract

Multiple factors contribute to the blood pressure of a neonate: Gestational age, birth weight, postmenstrual age and maternal factors are the most significant contributors. Common causes of neonatal hypertension are bronchopulmonary dysplasia, renal disease and history of umbilical arterial catheter placement. Other important factors that contribute to neonatal hypertension are medications (inotropic drugs, caffeine) and fluid management. Depending on the clinical situation and the severity of the hypertension, treatment can be given with intravenous or oral medications. Available data suggest that long-term outcomes are usually good, with resolution of hypertension in most infants. However, hypertensive neonates as well as normotensive premature neonates may be at increased risk for the development of hypertension in the future.