Pernicious Anemia Presenting With Pancytopenia and Hemolysis: A Case Report

Abstract

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a well-known cause of anemia. Pancytopenia and hemolysis are less frequently observed in vitamin B12 deficiency. Reported is the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss. He was found to have severe anemia (hemoglobin 3.3 g/dL) in association with pancytopenia and hemolysis. Extensive workup revealed vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to pernicious anemia. A literature review confirmed that this case demonstrates the rare occurrence of severe anemia in association with pancytopenia and hemolysis due to B12 deficiency.