“hDOS”: an automated hybrid diffuse optical device for real-time noninvasive tissue monitoring: precision and in vivo validation

Abstract

Significance A new platform/device is presented that advances hybrid diffuse optical monitors closed to clinical practice, bridging the gap between research-grade optical systems and practical bedside applications. Traditional devices often lack automation, multi-parameter functionality, and operator independence, hence, limiting their usability in demanding clinical environments. By offering automation, user-friendly operation, and overcoming the typical limitations of continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy, the hybrid diffuse optical platform (hDOS) provides a more accurate and reliable assessment of both oxygenation and perfusion. This innovation is particularly valuable for monitoring critically ill patients, where precise real-time measurements can directly influence patient management and outcomes. Aim To design, validate, and characterize the platform hDOS that integrates time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, and a pulse oximeter with an automated vascular occlusion test (VOT). The platform aims to support continuous monitoring and the assessment of peripheral microvascular, and metabolic functions in both clinical and field settings. Approach The validation strategy for the hDOS device follows a comprehensive approach that goes beyond conventional optical performance assessments. Rather than solely verifying fundamental system parameters, the evaluation comprises of real-world usability, operator and patient safety, and clinical implementation. The device’s precision and usability were rigorously tested in vivo through test-retest measurements and comparisons with a commercially available device (INVOS 5100C). This was subsequently followed by a seven-month clinical evaluation at Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Results The device underwent extensive validation, accumulating over 200 hours of usage across approximately 150 measurement sessions. The hDOS device exhibited two-fold lower inter-subject and intra-subject variability in baseline tissue oxygen saturation compared to the INVOS 5100C. Furthermore, during a a vascular occlusion challenge, statistically significant differences were observed between the two systems across all extracted parameters. Finally, as a proof of concept, hDOS successfully detected differences in the microvasculature between a general mixed ICU patient cohort ( n = 100) and a healthy control group ( n = 37). Conclusions Overall, hDOS device has performed well in both bench-top and realistic clinical applications on patients in vivo . hDOS device provides a unique combination of parameters, available for the first time in a fully automated, self-contained platform. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This work has received funding from: the EuropeanUnion's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No. 101016087 (VASCOVID), No. 101017113 (TINYBRAINS), No. 871124 (LASERLABEUROPE V) and under the under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101062306, Fundació CELLEX Barcelona, Fundació Mir-Puig, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PHOTOMETABO, SCOSWEAR, SCOSDET), the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019-000910-S), LUX4MED, Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA, AGAUR-2022-SGR-01457, RIS3CAT-001-P-001682 CECH), and Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: Ethics committee of Hospital Clínic de Barcelona gave ethical approval for this work (Ref: ICFO_HCP/2012/1). Ethics committee and the Comité d'Investigació amb Medicaments (CEIm) gave ethical approval for this work (Ref:2021/3015). The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, and revised in 2008. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. 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