Factor XII Deficiency Mimicking Bleeding Diathesis: A Unique Presentation and Diagnostic Pitfall

Abstract

Factor XII (FXII), also known as Hageman factor, is a coagulation protein that is necessary for the functioning of the intrinsic coagulation cascade and fibrin formation. When deficient, it results in a significant prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), mimicking a bleeding disorder. However, it does not result in clinical bleeding tendency. We report a case of an elderly male who was found to have prolonged aPTT, discovered during preoperative evaluation for operative repair of hip fracture. Although laboratory investigation was suggestive of bleeding tendency, he was diagnosed with factor XII deficiency and had no bleeding complications intra-operatively or in the post-operative period.