Actinomycetes bioactive compounds: Biological control of fungi and phytopathogenic insect

Abstract

Actinomycetes are aerobic and gram-positive spore forming bacteria. They belong to the order actinomycetales and are characterized by substrates and aerial mycelium growth. They are the most abundant microorganisms in soil. They play important roles in the cycling of organic matter and inhibit the growth of several plant pathogens in the rhizosphere. Due to the presence of enzymes such as proteases and chitinase, actinomycetes have been studied as a natural controller of insects and phytopathogenic fungi that cause considerable losses in agriculture. Additionally, the facilities for the industrial manipulation of cultures, and the diversity of metabolites produced make actinomycetes preferred for the control of pests. Furthermore, actinomycetes constitute a “green” alternative for controlling insects and fungi, since they do not contaminate the environment, and are natural members of the soil. They also contribute to the sustainability of soil by formation and stabilization of compost piles, due to their degrading capabilities, and ability to form stable humus. Moreover, they can be associated with other soil microorganisms to degrade recalcitrant residues like celluloses to maintain biotic soil equilibrium. Key words: Actinomycetes, compounds, agriculture, fungi, insect.