Mechanical loading regulates osteogenic differentiation and bone formation by modulating non-coding RNAs

Abstract

Bone tissue is highly responsive to mechanical stimuli, with mechanical loading serving as a crucial regulator of bone formation and resorption. The cellular transduction of mechanical loading involves intricate mechanisms, prominently featuring non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Various ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), collaboratively regulate pathways involved in bone formation under mechanical loading. This article elucidates the mechanisms by which mechanical loading influences bone formation through ncRNAs, summarizing key ncRNAs and their regulatory pathways. Aimed at researchers and clinicians in molecular biology, orthopedics, and regenerative medicine, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the future application of mechanical loading to regulate osteogenic differentiation and offers insights into treating diseases associated with abnormal bone formation.