Pharmacotherapeutic importance of phytoconstituents in the management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and associated complications

Abstract

Women of reproductive age who suffer from PCOS, a multifactorial endocrine illness, are characterized by ovulatory failure, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The etiology of PCOS is intricate, involving insulin resistance (IR), hormonal imbalances, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, hyperinsulinemia, and altered ovarian steroidogenesis contribute to anovulation and excessive androgen production and Current understanding of how anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) contributes to PCOS. These pathophysiological alterations result in clinical manifestations such as hyperandrogenism, acne, hirsutism, and infertility. Utilizing phytoconstituents has gained interest as a natural and holistic approach for managing PCOS as they possess insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties, modulate oxidative stress and enhance glucose metabolism, and exhibit estrogenic effects that aid in hormonal balance, menstrual irregularities. A thorough literature search was conducted using internet sources like PubMed. Scholar by Google, various reviews, research articles, and reports on biochemical, hormonal, and histological changes after phytoconstituent administration. The search focused on research, both preclinical and clinical, assessing the effectiveness of phytoconstituents in treating PCOS. This review demonstrates the intricate pathophysiology of PCOS in addition to exploring the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents in its management. It may also offer a safer and more effective alternative to conventional treatments.