Comparison of clinical and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without pneumothorax and/or pneumediastinum

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumothorax (PTX) and pneumomediastinum (PM) are frequ-ently encountered in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and complicate the management of these patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors that cause PTX/PM complications in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia and the effects of these complications on the course of the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 503 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward or intensive care unit (ICU) between September 2020 and December 2020 were included in the study. Results: The median age of patients was 65 (min-max, 21-99) years. Of the patients 299 (59.4%) were male and 204 (40.6%) were female. Of the cases, 26 (5.2%) developed PTX or PM. The patients who developed PTX/PM were older than patients who did not [58.5 (min-max, 21-96) vs 65 years (min-max, 22-99), p= 0.029]. The percentage of PTX/PM development was significantly higher in male patients [F/M= 4/22 (2/7.4%) vs 200/277 (98/92.6%), p= 0.007]. Hypertension as a comorbidity was more commonly seen in the group without PTX/PM (p= 0.007). Ground-glass opacity was the most common tomographic finding in both groups, it was significantly higher in those who did not develop PTX/PM (p< 0.001). The length of hospital stay was shorter in patients with PTX/PM (p< 0.001), but mortality was higher (p= 0.04). Conclusion: PTX/PM were relatively more common in COVID-19 patients. These complications may negatively affect the prognosis of the disease.