Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Begonia medicinalis Herb and Ethanol Fraction of Moringa oleifera L. Leaves

Abstract

The combination of ethyl acetate fraction of Begonia medicinalis and ethanol fraction of Moringa oleifera was developed into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to increase the solubility of combined fraction. This study aims to determine the optimal concentrations of virgin coconut oil (VCO), Tween 80, and propylene glycol using the D-optimal mixture design (DMD) method on Design-Expert software and phytochemical contents and anticancer activity by the in vitro MTT method. Determination of the optimal formula was determined by using ANOVA statistical analysis between components of material and the response. The optimal formula was then chosen based on the desirability value close to 1. Formula optimization has resulted in nine formulas. The optimum formula was found at Formula 5 (13% VCO, 60% Tween 80, and 22% propylene glycol). The characteristic results showed that the optimum formula had a particle size of 17.3 ± 0.51 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.17 ± 0.02, an emulsification time of 25 ± 1.00 s, and a transmittance percentage of 85.11% ± 0.39%. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total saponins were found to be 54.90 ± 0.77 mg GAE/g, 43.85 ± 2.18 mg QE/g, and 271.27 ± 7.10 mg EE/g, respectively. The optimized formula was able to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa and T47D cancer cells with IC50 of 21.8 μg/mL and 117.3 μg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the study showed that the DMD effectively described and predicted an optimum SNEDDS formula for the combined fractions.