An overview of plant secondary metabolites, their biochemistry and generic applications

Abstract

Plants are a source of a large number of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are associated with exclusive subordinate functions ranging from defense to adaptive behavior. Their absence does not necessarily hamper the growth of the organism. However, they enhance their chances of survival against environmental stress. Many plant secondary metabolites are unique sources of active pharmaceutical compounds, flavours, anti-oxidant supplements, cosmetic products, anti-cancer agents, and food additives. This has resulted in great interest in large-scale production and enhanced extensive researches for commercially valuable plant secondary metabolites. Many plant-based drugs are available in the market such as Vinblastine, Tubocurarine, Reserpine, Paclitaxel and Asiaticoside. The article classifies various secondary metabolites on their discrete chemical structure and biological synthesis pathway. It further elaborates on their biological roles and explores their close association with primary metabolites. Additionally, this article further provides an insight into the biochemistry of various prominent secondary metabolites.