Cervical Screening by Pap Test and Visual Inspection Enabling Same-Day Biopsy in Low-Resource, High-Risk Communities

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To develop an effective, low-cost, single-visit cervical screening strategy incorporating a modified Pap test and visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine for low-income settings.METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort trial. Two low-income Muslim Uyghur communities in China's far western Kashi Prefecture served as pilot and validation study sites, respectively, and 4,049 women (aged 30-59 years) were screened. The conventional Pap test was modified using a cotton swab to collect cervical cells without scraping the cervix using an Ayre spatula, allowing visual inspection with acetic acid (and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine if visual inspection with acetic acid was negative) to be performed in a single visit. Results from both tests were available within 1-2 hours. Women positive for either or both underwent same-day biopsy that was shipped by a courier service to a central pathology laboratory.RESULTS:Single-visit screening incorporating both a modified Pap test and visual inspection achieved a sensitivity of 96.0% (95% CI 91.6-100), which was superior to Pap testing (76%, 95% CI 66.3-85.7; P