Uji Aktivitas Bioherbisida Ekstrak Metanol Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Abstract

Abstrak. Ekstrak umbi teki terbukti mengandung senyawa yang berpotensi alelopati karena mampu menghambat pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri. Pelarut merupakan faktor penting dalam proses ekstraksi senyawa. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah metanol karena bersifat polar, karena metanol dapat menarik senyawa polar dan nonpolar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas ekstrak metanol teki pada beberapa konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Jurusan Agroteknologi, Laboratorium Pendidikan Kimia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan dan Rumah Kasa Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, dari bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2021. Penelitian ini memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola non faktorial dengan 6 perlakuan terdiri kontrol positif (2,4-D pada 0,686 kg b.a.ha-1); kontrol negatif (aquades) dan ekstrak metanol teki 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%. dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak metanol teki dengan konsentrasi 20% mampu menekan tinggi gulma dan ekstrak metanol teki dengan konsentasi 10% mampu menekan jumlah daun dan diameter batang bayam duri pada umur 28 HSA (hari setelah aplikasi). Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol teki menunjukkan bahwa senyawa steroid, alkaloid, fenolik dan flavonoid terkandung di dalamnya.Bioherbicide Activity Test of Methanol Extract of Nutsedge Purple (Cyperus rotundus L.) Againts the Growth of Weed Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)Abstract. Nutsedge purple tuber extract was proven to contain compounds that have allelopathic potential because it is able to inhibit the growth of thorn spinach weeds. The solvent is an important factor in the compound extraction process. The solvent used is methanol because it is polar, because methanol can attract polar and nonpolar compounds. The aim of this study was to identify the activity of nutmeg methanol extract at several concentrations on the growth of spinach thorn weed. This research was conducted at the Weed Science Laboratory, Agrotechnology Department, Chemistry Education Laboratory, Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, and the Experimental Garden Screening House, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh, from July to October 2021. This study used a completely randomized design with a non-factorial pattern. with 6 treatments consisting of positive control (2.4-D at 0.686 kg b.a.ha-1); negative control (aquades) and 5% nutsedge purple methanol extract; 10%; 15%; 20%. with 3 repetitions. The results showed that the methanol extract of nutmeg with a concentration of 20% was able to suppress the height of weeds and the methanol extract of nutmeg with a concentration of 10% was able to reduce the number of leaves and stem diameter of thorn spinach at 28 DAP (days after application). The results of the phytochemical test of the nutmeg methanol extract showed that it contained steroids, alkaloids, phenolics and flavonoids.