Opportunity Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network for Submarine Detection

Abstract

The submarine detection is the most significant research area of Under Water Acoustic (UWA) environment with extensive application in commercial and navy domains. The environmental complexity and variable nature of the UWA makes Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) to exhibit fluidity, sparse deployment, time unpredictability, frequency selectivity, limited accessible bandwidth and energy constraints pose problems in the underwater positioning technology. Thus, an adaptable, scalable, and highly efficient UWA is required for the submarine routing systems. The depth-based routing has received lots of interest as it is capable of delivering effective operation without requiring full-dimensional position information of nodes. However, it has issues of vacant regions and detouring forwards. To delineate the aforementioned problems, this paper proposes an Opportunity-based Distance Vector Routing (ODVR) technique. The distance vectors, which have lowest hop counts in the direction of sink for underwater sensor nodes are determined by ODVR through a query method. Depending on the distance vectors, a dynamic routing is created to manage the packet forwarding. In the opportunistic forwarding, the ODVR has a minimal signaling cost and minimum energy consumption with the potential of eliminating the long detours issues. The outcomes of simulations demonstrate that the ODVR outperforms the conventional routing algorithms.