Phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Ageratum conyzoides, Piper betle, Muntinga calabura and Curcuma domestica against mastitis bacteria isolates

Abstract

Mastitis also known as inflammation of the mammary gland. It is a costly disease, which often caused by bacterial infection. Antibiotic have been use in mastitis treatment for decades, however it potentially caused an antibiotic residue in milk. This study was aimed to evaluate the potency of local resources as natural remedies for mastitis. The ethanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides leaves, Piper betle leaves, Muntinga calabura leaves and Curcuma domestica were screened for their phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity against mastitis causing bacteria. The bacteria were isolated from sub-clinical mastitis milk in small-holder dairy farms in Central Java, then identified by VITEK. Antibacterial activity of seven extracts were determined by agar well diffusion method. Experimental findings revealed that high proportion of test organisms were all susceptible to Piper betle, Ageratum conyzoides and Curcuma domestica. However, for Muntinga calabura, only S. simulans, S. chromogens, S. dysagalactiae and S. sanguinis were able to be inhibited, whereas S. mitis, S. agalactiae and S. uberis were resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of all extracts were 12.5 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and saponin with various concentration in all extracts. In conclusions, Ageratum conyzoides leaves, Piper betle leaves, Muntinga calabura leaves and Curcuma domestica rhizomes are potential sources of antibacterial agents for mastitis treatment.