Effect of anions on the electrodeposition of tin from acidic gluconate baths

Abstract

Electrodeposition of tin from acidic gluconate baths (chloride, chloride-sulfate) was investigated. Equilibrium distribution of tin(II) species in both solutions was calculated. Cyclic voltammetric, potentiostatic, and galvanostatic measurements showed that cathodic process can run under limiting current due to the presence of tin complex electroactive species. Average effective diffusion coefficients of metal species were determined. Nucleation of tin occurred through a progressive three-dimensional diffusion growth model. A characteristic of tin deposits was also presented. © 2012 The Author(s).