The characteristic function of the work performed by an external time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A similar expression is obtained for the averaged exponential work which is related to the free energy difference of equilibrium systems by the Jarzynski work theorem. © 2007 The American Physical Society.
CITATION STYLE
Talkner, P., Lutz, E., & Hänggi, P. (2007). Fluctuation theorems: Work is not an observable. Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 75(5). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.75.050102
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