Chlorhexidine to treat oral mucositis in patients with acute leukemia: systematic review

  • Macedo R
  • Morais E
  • Dantas A
  • et al.
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leukemias impair he-matopoietic stem-cells shunting and promote a proliferation of malignant cells without functional competence. Studies point that oral manifestations such as pain, hyperplasia and gum blee-ding may be one of the first signs in leukemia patients. In light of the above, this study aimed at carrying out a systematic analysis of articles published in the last 15 years, with regard to chlorhe-xidine to treat and prevent mucositis in acute leukemia children under chemotherapy. CONTENTS: A systematic search of articles published betwe-en January 2000 and January 2015 was carried out in Pubmed/ Medline, Science Direct and LILACS databases. After systematic search, 6 articles have fulfilled all methodological inclusion cri-teria. Chlorhexidine is an important means of preventing and treating oral mucositis and studies refer that 0.12% chlorhexi-dine gluconate effectiveness is probably related to its bactericide action. Adequate oral hygiene is important to prevent mucositis and other therapeutic modalities have shown to be effective to treat and prevent oral mucositis. CONCLUSION: Chlorhexidine gluconate does not totally eli-minate oral mucosa injuries, but is able to decrease their fre-quency and intensity without significant noxious effects. Howe-ver, other drugs compared to chlorhexidine in this study may present better results. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As leucemias comprometem a derivação das células-tronco hematopoiéticas e promovem uma proliferação de células malignas sem competência funcional. Es-tudos apontam que manifestações orais como dor, hiperplasia e sangramento gengival podem ser um dos primeiros sinais em pacientes com leucemia. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste es-tudo foi realizar uma análise sistemática de artigos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, no que diz respeito ao uso da clorexidina no tratamento e prevenção da mucosite em crianças com leucemia aguda em quimioterapia. CONTEÚDO: Uma busca sistemática de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2000 e janeiro de 2015 foi feita nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct e LILACS. Após pesquisa sistemática 6 artigos preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão metodológica. A clorexidina é um importante meio de prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral e estudos referem que a efetivi-dade do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% está provavelmente relacionada à sua ação bactericida. A correta higienização oral tem importante papel na prevenção da mucosite e outras formas terapêuticas demonstram ser eficazes no tratamento e prevenção da mucosite oral. CONCLUSÃO: O gluconato de clorexidina não elimina total-mente as lesões de mucosa oral, mas é capaz de diminuir sua frequência e intensidade sem apresentar efeitos deletérios signi-ficativos no paciente. Entretanto, outros fármacos comparados à clorexidina nesteestudo podem apresentar melhores resultados. Descritores: Hematologia, Manifestações bucais, Mucosite, On-cologia, Quimioterapia. INTRODUCION Leukemias impair hematopoietic stem-cells shunting and promote a proliferation of malignant cells without functional competence. There are different groups of lymphocytes, thus different types of leukemia, which are classified according to involved cell, disease duration and character 1-4 . Its etiology is still uncertain and might be related to factors such exposure to radiation and genetics 3 . Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) represents approximately 80% of all leukemias affecting children and young adults, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is responsible for appro-Rev Dor. São Paulo, 2015 jul-sep;16(3):221-6

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APA

Macedo, R. A. de P., Morais, E. F. de, Dantas, A. N., & Morais, M. de L. S. de A. (2015). Chlorhexidine to treat oral mucositis in patients with acute leukemia: systematic review. Revista Dor, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-0013.20150044

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