The Role of Methyl Canthin-6-one-2-carboxylate in Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, joint destruction, and systemic complications. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis by driving the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exacerbating oxidative stress. Recent studies identified methyl canthin-6-one-2-carboxylate (Cant) as a potential therapeutic agent that modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. This review explores the mechanistic role of Cant in RA treatment, particularly its effect on oxidative stress, synovial macrophages, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss alternative and complementary approaches, such as gut microbiota modulation and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies, in the management of RA. Although preliminary findings suggest that Cant exhibits promising anti-inflammatory effects, further preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to validate its therapeutic efficacy. Future research should focus on optimizing dosage, exploring combination therapies, and elucidating the broader implications of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for RA treatment.