Prestige of disciplines within the field of nursing: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Considering the global shortage of nurses, leaders in the field must understand the strengths and weaknesses of various nursing specialties in order to retain professionals within the field. Occupational prestige reflects the perceived contribution of an occupation ‘to society’, and measures its desirability, benefit and values. Understanding how experienced nurses view the prestige of nursing specialties may help to explain why some specialties are more desirable than others. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prestige of nursing specialties among nurses taking post-graduate in-training courses. Methods: The study questionnaire examined nurses’ perceived prestige of nine nursing specialties, the perceived extent of autonomy and authority, the unique knowledge and clinical skills required for each specialty, and participants' demographic and professional characteristics. Results: A total of 101 nurses (90% females, mean age 35.4 ± 9.39 years) completed the questionnaire. Intensive care (4.67 ± 0.59) and neonatal intensive care (4.57 ± 0.74) were perceived as having the highest prestige, whereas physical activity consultation (2.67 ± 0.98) and sleep consultation (2.71 ± 0.92) were perceived as having the lowest prestige. These specialties were also perceived as requiring the most and least unique knowledge and clinical skills, respectively. In contrast, authority and autonomy were ranked highest in breastfeeding consultation (4.50 ± 0.81), followed by intensive care (4.10 ± 0.87), while congestive heart failure received the lowest score (3.48 ± 0.84). Principal component analysis showed that higher prestige is attributed to acute care specialties, while chronic care specialties or ones involving consultation have lower prestige. Conclusions: Nursing specialties with lower scores should be rebranded to encourage nurses to enter these fields.