In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan Hydrochloride and COS (Chito-Oligosaccharides)-OGA (Oligo-Galacturonides) on Phytopathogenic Fungi and Escherichia coli

Abstract

Use of novel alternative compounds in agriculture is being promoted to reduce synthetic pesticides. An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of chitosan hydrochloride (CH) and COS (chito-oligosaccharides)-OGA (oligo-galacturonides) at concentrations of 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025%. COS-OGA at 1% and 0.5% concentrations completely inhibited mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructigena, and Monilinia fructicola. Further, complete inhibition was observed with 0.25% COS-OGA for M. fructigena and M. laxa. Inhibition for B. cinerea, M. fructicola, A. alternata, and A. brassicicola at 0.25% COS-OGA was 86.75%, 76.31%, 69.73%, and 60.45%, respectively. M. laxa and M. fructigena were completely inhibited by CH concentrations of 1–0.25% and M. fructicola by concentrations of 1–0.5%. At CH 0.25%, inhibition for M. fructicola, A. brassicicola, A. alternata, and B. cinerea was 93.99%, 80.99%, 69.73%, and 57.23%, respectively. CH showed effective antibacterial activity against foodborne Escherichia coli. COS-OGA had higher antioxidant activity than CH when assessed by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Our findings offer insights into the antimicrobial efficacy and mechanisms of action of these novel compounds, which have the potential to serve as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. In vivo investigations are required to validate the prospective application of these treatments for pre- and postharvest disease management.