Drug-induced tics: An observational postmarketing study

Abstract

Objectives: While drug-induced tics have been described, in particular with neuroleptics, psychostimulants, or anti-epileptics, the strength and the direction of these associations are still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between tics and drug exposure through a two-step analysis in two pharmacovigilance databases. Methods: We first performed a descriptive clinical analysis of cases registered in the French pharmacovigilance database (FPVD) from January 1985 to December 2018. We then performed a disproportionality analysis in VigiBase®, the WHO pharmacovigilance database, from January 1967 to June 2019, through the calculation of reporting odds ratio (ROR). Results: The drugs most frequently associated with tics in the FPVD were methylphenidate, lamotrigine, montelukast, tramadol, mirtazapine, venlafaxine, aripiprazole, and risperidone. In VigiBase®, we found a significant ROR with methylphenidate (ROR 37.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 34.81–40.48), montelukast (ROR 12.18, 95% CI 10.29–14.41), aripiprazole (ROR 7.40, 95% CI 6.35–8.62), risperidone (ROR 4.40, 95% CI 3.72–5.21), and venlafaxine (ROR 1.52, 95% CI 1.14–2.03). Conclusion: This postmarketing study confirmed a potential harmful association with methylphenidate (the highest association, as expected), aripiprazole, risperidone, lamotrigine, and venlafaxine and, interestingly, found a strong signal with montelukast, which, to our knowledge, had never been published before.