Content of minerals and deoxynivalenol in the air-classified fractions of durum wheat

Abstract

Background and objectives: Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), such as other cereals, contains several interesting bioactive compounds mostly found within the coating structure of the kernel; also, these structures included in the bran fractions, contain the highest concentration of both minerals and organic contaminants (mycotoxins). The purpose of this project was to employ the micronization and air-classification technology to obtain fewer refined milling fractions with an adequate good quality in regard to safety and nutritional aspects to manufacture end products (e.g., pasta). Findings: The results have identified the milling fraction as the best compromise among satisfactory technological traits, high decrease of cadmium (−83%) and lead (−59%) in comparison to the whole grain, high content of iron (+37%), and the maintenance of useful elements (calcium, potassium, and magnesium). A significant decrease of the deoxynivalenol (−16%) content, as compared with the micronized sample, and a not significant increase (+19%), if compared with semolina, have occurred. Conclusions: The air-classification process has been used as an appropriate tool to reach a good compromise between minerals and deoxynivalenol content in milling fractions. Significance and novelty: The same process has proved to be a proper technology to produce high-quality mixtures suitable to obtain both healthier end products and better raw matter exploitation.