LC-APCI-MS/MS quantification and topical bioavailability of chloroacetamide in rats

Abstract

Chloroacetamide (CAA) is a preservative used in various cosmetic, personal care and household products. Due to the hazard potential for allergic reaction and reproductive toxicity, CAA is being considered a high priority for screening assessment and toxicological reevaluation. This study describes the development of a highly specific and sensitive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of CAA in rat plasma and its application to a topical bioavailability study. Chromatographic separations were achieved on a C8 column using a highly aqueous mobile phase with a binary gradient elution. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 5-2,500 ng/mL (r ≤ 0.995) using a small sample volume (100 μL). Applicability of the assay was demonstrated in a bioavailability study in rats after i.v. injection (0.5 or 2 mg/kg) and topical application (7.02 mg/kg). Average elimination half-life and clearance ranged from 26.6 to 30.5 min and 53.9 to 57.3 mL/min/kg, respectively. Upon topical application, CAA was slowly but steadily absorbed for a prolonged time period (12 h). The topical bioavailability was 53.5 and 48.3% for emulsion and lotion, respectively. The developed assay may be useful to examine the relationship between exposure and toxic potential of CAA in risk assessment.