Callous-unemotional traits and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms

Abstract

Introduction: Callous–Unemotional (CU) traits have been identified as important modifiers of conduct problems in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD and CU traits share overlapping clinical and neurobiological characteristics; however, studies have approached these constructs as completely independent factors. The present study aims to explore the relationship between ADHD and CU traits in a sample of adults. Methods: Fifty-seven adults were investigated for the severity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity through a semi-structured interview based on the ADHD criteria from the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). CU traits were assessed using the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), whereas impulsivity was measured using the Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS). Results: There was a linear relationship between ADHD symptoms and CU traits. Inattention, but not hyperactivity or impulsivity, accounted for this association. Additionally, inattention was significantly related to uncaring symptoms, as measured by the ICU. Conclusions: ADHD and CU traits are linked at a phenomenological level, suggesting a continuum of attentional problems and lack of concern about performance and relationships. Future research ought to consider this relationship when assessing social outcomes in ADHD.