Advancements in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Despite being the most common cause of dementia, effective treatments have been elusive. However, recent years have witnessed significant advancements in understanding and treating Alzheimer’s. Key to these advancements is the shift toward targeted therapies tailored to individual genetic and biomarker profiles, promising more effective outcomes while minimizing side effects. The integration of advanced neuroimaging techniques has revolutionized early diagnosis and disease monitoring, enabling proactive intervention strategies that may alter disease trajectories. This review provides an overview of these advancements, focusing on disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatments, combination therapies, lifestyle interventions, biomarker development, innovative drug delivery systems, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and neuroprotective agents.