Low- temperature phases of interfacial water in clay- water systems

Abstract

Low temperature differential thermal analyses of selected clay- water systems were made to locate phase change temperatures and to define temperaturepressure fields for precise calorimetric investigation. In addition to an exotherm corresponding to initial freezing, one, two or three exotherms were observed between - 35 and - 60 C. The low temperature exotherms do not depend critically upon water content, but are related to clay mineral and exchangeable cation type.