Risk Factors for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Literature Review

Abstract

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death worldwide. Deaths from cardiovascular disease each year have increased due to higher levels of stressors, unhealthy lifestyles and others. In addition, according to the World Health Organization, there is usually one death from cardiovascular disease every two seconds, and a heart attack every five seconds. This research used a literature study design and assessed the quality of journals using a JBI cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies with the aim of obtaining quality journals in accordance with the research topic. 16 journals were obtained, consisting of six journals from Google Scholar, four journals from Science Direct, five journals from Pubmed, and one journal from Proquest. There are factors that influence myocardial infarction in young adults, namely comorbid factors, psychological factors, lifestyle factors, and gender factors. The comorbid factors that often occur are hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, while the genetic factors include a family history of myocardial infarction. Lifestyle factors consist of smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, and less activity. Men are more susceptible to myocardial infarction at a young age. Keywords: factors, associated, myocardial infarction, young adults